Why China is not independent of operating system?
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Editor's Note:

Development of China's Internet industry there is a weak link, industrial layout, for example, as an IT infrastructure operating systems have not been made, domestic enterprises in this field have been absent. In this regard, visit Ni Guangnan, academician of science are not afraid q column, answering netizens ' questions.

A Netizen named "take a scholar":

Throughout the IT industry, not to mention the importance of the operating system, but after all these years of development, why China has no strong independent operating system, is still controlled by others?

Tencent technology:

Also has an enterprise or public institution to try to launch home-made its own operating system, for example, earlier this year, coship electronics have released is known as China's first self-developed "960" mobile operating system, CAS Software Institute Shanghai Lian Tong company jointly issued a so-called independent Smartphone operating systems: COS.

But whatever number is the number of users, applications, or the terminal cover, these operating systems do not constitute market influence. So what is the reason?

Ni Guangnan:

Operating systems are divided into different categories, specific things are different.

In cloud computing environment Xia of operating system main can into three class: a is Cloud Computing Center using of operating system, this class operating system support with various information systems and network system; a is various smart terminal using of operating system, for various PC, and notebook, and Super this, desktop Terminal, smart phone, and tablet computer, mobile terminal, set-top box, and smart TV, various household Terminal, also has can dressed equipment (watches, and glasses) and car computer wait; also also has embedded operating system, for industrial equipment, and Networking devices and consumer electronic devices, and so on.

First class operating systems, development of domestic system well, such as China's Internet businesses, high performance computer systems used by mostly homemade, localization of the 23rd class system is very poor. Especially intelligent terminal operating system, now basically only three in the world – Apple, Google and Microsoft, and China is no exception.

Intelligent terminal operating system with a high degree of monopoly and field ecological system is the core information, above all three, they are three of the world's largest IT companies, take a very strong position to become a part of this area. Huawei of China most strong technical and communication equipment in the field is the world's first, as opposed to three, still has some gaps, such as Huawei's market value is estimated to be about $ 120 billion, probably about one-third of these three companies.

Companies such as China mobile market seem to be small, but r still has a large gap, more businesses are big but not strong, so be smart terminal operating system also needs to focus on integrating resources.

Chinese sci-tech planning also has supported in the past, but lack top-tier design. Do desktop operating system only supports several small companies in the past, in case of lack of research on intellectual property issues, and supports a number of modifications in foreign mobile systems, mobile operating systems, the formation of low-level.

On the overall schedule, lack of awareness of this kind of monopoly of the operating system, often focus only on some specific applications, are not valued public service market. These factors have caused our country long controlled by others in this field.

中国为什么没有自主的操作系统？ - 操作系统,自主操作系统 - IT资讯
中国为什么没有自主的操作系统？

编者按：

我国互联网产业发展存在一定的薄弱环节，例如在产业布局上，作为IT基础设施的操作系统一直没有实现国产化，国内企业在此领域一直缺位。对此，倪光南院士做客《科技不怕问》栏目，回答网友相关提问。

网友“赶考书生”：

操作系统在整个IT产业的重要性就不用说了，可是这么多年发展下来，为什么中国没有强大的自主操作系统，依然受制于人？

腾讯科技：

我国也有企业或事业单位尝试推出国产自有操作系统，例如今年年初，同洲电子推出了号称国内首套自主研发的“960”手机操作系统，中科院软件研究所也联合上海联彤公司发布了一款所谓自主智能手机操作系统：COS。

不过不论是用户数、应用数量，还是终端覆盖率，这些操作系统都还不构成市场影响力。那么原因何在？

倪光南：

操作系统分为不同类别，具体情况有所不同。

在云计算环境下的操作系统主要可分成三类：一种是云计算中心使用的操作系统，这类操作系统支撑着各种信息系统和网络系统；一种是各种智能终端使用的操作系统，用于各种PC、笔记本、超级本等桌面终端，智能手机、平板电脑等移动终端，机顶盒、智能电视等各种家用终端，还有可穿戴设备（手表、眼镜）和车载电脑等等；此外还有嵌入式操作系统，用于工控设备、物联网设备和消费电子设备等等。

第一类操作系统方面，国产系统的发展不错，例如中国的因特网企业、高性能计算机等使用的系统大多是国产的，第二三类系统的国产化情况很差。尤其是智能终端操作系统，目前全世界基本上只有三家——苹果、谷歌和微软，中国也不例外。

智能终端操作系统具有高度垄断性，也是信息领域生态系统的核心，上述这三家，它们是世界最大的三家IT企业，可见需要很强的实力才能成为这个领域的一员。目前中国技术实力最强的华为，虽然在通信设备领域已是世界第一，但相对于这三家而言，还有一定差距，例如华为市值估计是1200亿美元左右，大概是这三家公司的1/3左右。

中国移动等企业似乎市值不小，但研发实力也仍有不小差距，更多的企业是大而不强，所以要做智能终端操作系统还需要注重整合资源。

过去我国科技规划对此也有支持，但缺乏顶层设计。以往只支持几家小公司做桌面操作系统，在知识产权问题缺乏研究的情况下，支持多家在国外移动系统上修改，做移动操作系统，形成低水平重复。

另外在总体计划安排上，对这类操作系统的垄断性缺乏认识，往往只注意某些特定应用，未重视公众服务市场。这些因素都造成我国在这个领域长期受制于人。