Guangzhou abandoned Island abandoned five days 15 | | refuges | abandoned in Guangzhou _ news
Xinhuanet, Beijing, February 16-question:a 15-day 79 baby – behind the focus of controversy in the "orphan island"
Correspondents Cui Jing, Shi Jing male
Just after the Chinese new year, news of bitterness of mass of nerve: thousands of families for family reunions during the Spring Festival, Guangzhou set up the first "orphan island", received 33 abandoned within 10 days. Journalists access to the latest statistics, abandoned on the island within 15 days of receiving the number of abandoned babies has increased to 79.
Set baby island is tantamount to conniving at the foundling, abandoned Island behind which social pain, how to effectively reduce baby ... ... To address these issues, this reporter recently interviewed experts and scholars in the field of child welfare, face in the dispute "orphan island".
Refuges is to save abandoned babies is condoning an abandoned child?
In June 2011, China's first "orphan island" in front of the Social Welfare Institute, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, was born. Red roof and white walls of the cabin, infant incubators, delayed alarm, several simple facilities such as cots, to abandoned infants provided a temporary haven.
However, that aimed to protect abandoned babies, increasing the survival rate of baby things come out soon, is controversial. Supporters believe, the idea of the island improves the survival rate of baby, protect the baby's life, embodies social progress; skeptics believe that idea is tantamount to conniving at to the abandonment of the island, and encouragement are inconsistent with the requirements of abandoned infants is prohibited by law.
Disputes, child welfare and adoption Center director Li Bo, China believes that to rationally protect babies of the relationship between the right to life and the fight against child abandonment crime. Idea of island was abandoned after the phenomenon by taking the remedy and relief measures to reach an abandoned child life protection of rights and interests, and the law by preventing child abandonment and to protect the baby against abandoned crime's objective is exactly the right to life, but in the interests of protecting the lives of abandoned areas, the law on prevention and abandoned the island in relief and response.
Li Bo pointed out that, in practice, there is no data to suggest refuge set will cause a growing number of abandoned or encourage baby. According to the practice of Shijiazhuang, Nanjing abandoned Island, after widespread reports in the press, island received increased number of child abandonment in a short time, but soon leveled off or even declined, and island number of aborted babies has increased, decreased in the streets and other locations to collect abandoned, aborted babies did not increase the total.
In fact, due to the rescue in time, abandoned child survival rates increase substantially. In the case of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang city Social Welfare Institute director Han Jinhong introduction, past abandoned homes near the entrance and the baby after admission, survive or about one-third. After entering the refuge for abandoned infants, mortality rates significantly reduced, admission examination, child abandonment trauma, sharp decline in the number of high fever and pneumonia.
"We can't change society will abandon their babies, but we can try to change the consequences of the baby was left. "Han Jinhong said.
Helpless baby highlights lack of child welfare protection system
"HIV does not capture the Tiger, today abandoned flesh like a knife cutting bone, the doctor said my son's condition no cure, stayed at home will lead to more family tragedies. "This is a closing phrase" not entitled to father "abandoned outside the Social Welfare Institute in Guangzhou who left a note on the island. The lines, imbued with reluctance and helplessness of parents.
According to Guangzhou social homes Dean Xu Jiu introduced, homes established abandoned Island yilai, receives of abandoned most in a age following, some children body plug with catheter, some children sent with fever, some children clothing in the store with in hospital of treatment medical records, these children suffers from brain palsy, and Tang's integrated levy, and blood system disease, in the heavy degrees disease, as not timely treatment will endanger life. Is also part of the 1-6 year old children, sick and disabled, unable to take care of life, unable to receive normal education.
In this abandoned the island, nearly two-thirds parents left a note or cash, said he abandoned them completely separate thing, children can be helped, and save my life. From the perspective of gender, baby boy in the majority, son preference, to carry on the left of the broken society.
According to the Chinese Ministry of child welfare and adoption Center child care Director Ji Gang rough statistics, currently set up across the country "orphan island" receive aborted babies, is about 99% the sick child. Children were given due mainly to families cannot afford the high cost of medical bills can't afford to Mormonism children special education costs in the future, many families are worried about poverty resulting from sickness, which to some extent highlights the current child welfare system was not perfect.
"If a child is a disabled or mentally disabled, is a lifetime thing, families can have access to the social security? Solves the problem of a doctor, follow-up care care do? Rehabilitation and education do? These are national welfare protection systems issues should be taken into account in the design on top. , "Said Ji Gang, only sustained institutional safeguards, in order to address parents ' worries, reduce the incidence of child abandonment behavior.
Perfecting social security and legal protection is Essentia
According to experts, the international community abandoned universal attention, specially created by a number of countries or specify an abandoned child protection facilities, allow parents to anonymously give up custody after the baby is born, such as practices, to ensure that the lives of abandoned babies. Established by the current "orphan island", similar to some European countries have adopted an abandoned child protection class are learning from foreign experience, combined with our abandoned interests the conservation status of the useful exploration and innovation.
"The ' refuge for abandoned infants ' provided basic protection for abandoned infants, but this is the only State to protect baby first step, it is in the case of the child welfare system is not perfect, for its emergency response initiatives to protect children's right to life, still needs to be multi-layered, multi-faceted and comprehensive integrated mechanism supported. "Tong Lihua, Director, Beijing juvenile legal aid and Research Center believes that children not just family, but also social, State. Child protection system, welfare system and improve the way ahead is that the Government and the family jointly assume the responsibility to protect the healthy growth of children.
Li Bo, believes that the current, through the establishment of children's medical security system, perfect for family support policies, support for families with disabled and seriously ill children, establish rehabilitation and special education for children with disabilities a free system, inter alia, improve the child welfare system. At the same time, to strengthen before pregnancy, pregnancy guide and check, promote fertility technology, through watershed management, reduce the incidence of birth defects in babies.
Meanwhile, Tong Lihua, called for laws and regulations protecting children's rights to further study abroad, combined with China's reality, improve the system of protection of minors, establishing guardianship of child custody supervision and intervention mechanisms and national service system, strengthen protection for child abandonment and interests of minors.
This reporter learned that, the Ministry of civil affairs is exploring the establishment of system of family support and welfare of the child, on the plight of children classified security, establish neonatal nutrition subsidies, child allowance for needy families, children with disabilities, medical rehabilitation and home care allowance, foster care allowance for disabled children and other child welfare system. Subsidies through subsidies, tax breaks and other means, and increase the Government's support for the plight of child and family support, prevention of family due to their inability to treat, care for sick children or poor child by neglect.
(Edit: SN098)
February 16, 2014 Xinhua
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广州弃婴安全岛15天接受79名弃婴|广州|安全岛|弃婴_新闻资讯
新华网北京2月16日电题：15天接受79名弃婴的背后——聚焦争议中的“弃婴安全岛”
记者 崔静、史竞男
春节刚过，一则新闻触痛了大众的神经：在万家团圆的春节期间，广州市设立的首个“弃婴安全岛”，10天内接收到33名弃婴。记者获得的最新统计数据显示，弃婴岛在15天内接收的弃婴数量已增至79名。
设置弃婴岛是否变相纵容了弃婴行为，弃婴岛背后隐藏着哪些社会之痛，如何真正有效地减少弃婴行为……针对这些问题，记者近日采访了儿童福利领域的专家学者，直面争议中的“弃婴安全岛”。
安全岛是拯救弃婴还是纵容弃婴？
2011年6月，我国首个“弃婴安全岛”在河北石家庄市社会福利院门口诞生。红顶白墙的小屋内，婴儿保温箱、延时报警器、婴儿床等几项简单的设施，为被遗弃的婴儿提供了一个临时的避风港。
然而，这个旨在保护弃婴、增加弃婴存活率的新事物问世不久，便引来诸多争议。赞同者认为，设立弃婴岛提高了弃婴的存活率，保障了弃婴的生命安全，体现了社会进步；质疑者则认为，设立弃婴岛是对遗弃行为的变相纵容和鼓励，与法律禁止弃婴的要求不一致。
面对争议，中国儿童福利和收养中心主任李波认为，要理性看待保障婴儿生命权与打击弃婴犯罪行为之间的关系。设立弃婴岛是在弃婴现象发生后，通过采取弥补和救助措施达到对弃婴生命权益的保护，这与法律通过禁止弃婴和打击弃婴犯罪来保护婴儿生命权的目标是完全一致的，只不过在保护弃婴生命权益的环节上有先后之分，法律重在预防，弃婴岛重在补救和应对。
李波指出，从实践看，并没有数据显示安全岛的设置会引发弃婴数量的增长或鼓励弃婴行为。根据石家庄、南京弃婴安全岛的实践，在媒体大范围报道后，安全岛接收的弃婴数量会在短时间内有所增长，但很快就趋于平稳甚至下降，而且，安全岛弃婴数量增加了，在街头巷尾等其他地点捡拾的弃婴就减少了，弃婴总量并没有增多。
实际上，由于救助及时，弃婴的存活率大幅提高。以石家庄为例，据石家庄市社会福利院院长韩金红介绍，以往遗弃在福利院门口及附近的婴儿入院后，存活下来的比例约为三分之一。弃婴进入安全岛后，死亡率明显降低，经入院体检，弃婴外伤、发高烧以及患肺炎的数量锐减。
“我们虽然改变不了社会遗弃婴儿的行为，但是我们可以想方设法改变婴儿被遗弃的后果。”韩金红说。
无奈弃婴凸显儿童福利保障制度缺失
“虎毒不吃子，今天遗弃骨肉如同用刀削骨，医生说我儿的病情无药可治，留在家中会导致更大的家庭悲剧。”这是一个落款为“没有资格为人父”的人在广州市社会福利院门外的弃婴岛内留下的字条。字里行间，浸透着父母的不舍与无奈。
据广州市社会福利院院长徐久介绍，福利院建立弃婴岛以来，接收的弃婴大多在一岁以下，有的孩子身上插着导管，有的孩子发着高烧，有的孩子衣物中存放着在医院的治疗病历，这些孩子患有脑瘫、唐氏综合征、血液系统疾病等中重度疾病，如不及时救治将危及生命。还有一部分是1至6岁的孩子，身患重病和残疾，生活不能自理，无法接受正常教育。
在这个弃婴岛内，近三分之二的家长留下了字条或现金，表示遗弃孩子纯属万般无奈之举，希望孩子能够得到医治，保住性命。从性别上看，弃婴中男孩子占多数，打破了以前社会存在的重男轻女、传宗接代的遗弃因素。
根据中国儿童福利和收养中心儿童抚育部主任冀刚的粗略统计，全国各地目前设立的“弃婴安全岛”接收的弃婴，约99%都是病残儿童。婴儿被遗弃的原因主要是家庭无法承受昂贵的医疗费，无法承受呆傻孩子将来的特殊教育费用，很多家庭担心因病致贫，这一定程度上凸显了当前我国儿童福利保障制度的不完善。
“一个孩子若是残疾或智障，是一辈子的事情，家庭能否享受到应有的社会保障？解决了看病的问题，后续的看护照料怎么办？康复和教育怎么办？这些都是国家福利保障制度在顶层设计中应该考虑的问题。”冀刚说，只有持续的体制保障，才能解决家长的后顾之忧，减少弃婴行为的发生。
完善福利保障和法律保护是治本之策
据专家介绍，国际社会对弃婴普遍重视，不少国家通过专门设立或指定弃婴安全保护设施、允许生父母在孩子出生后匿名放弃监护权等做法，来确保被遗弃婴儿的生命安全。当前我国设立的“弃婴安全岛”，类似于欧洲一些国家采用的弃婴保护舱，是借鉴国外经验、结合我国弃婴权益保护现状进行的有益探索和创新。
“‘弃婴安全岛’为被遗弃的婴儿提供了基本的保障，但这仅仅是国家保护弃婴的第一步，是在儿童福利制度不完善的情况下，为保护孩子的生命权作出的应急举措，尚需多层次、多方位和综合性配套机制支持。”北京市青少年法律援助与研究中心主任佟丽华认为，孩子不仅仅是家庭的，更是社会的，是国家的。未来儿童保护制度、福利制度完善的方向，就是政府要和家庭共同承担起保护孩子健康成长的责任。
李波认为，当前，要通过建立儿童大病医疗保障制度，完善家庭扶持政策、对残疾和大病儿童的家庭提供支持，建立残疾儿童免费康复和特殊教育制度等途径，健全儿童福利保障制度。同时，要加强孕前、孕期指导和检查，提高生育技术水平，通过源头治理，降低婴儿出生缺陷发生率。
与此同时，佟丽华呼吁，要进一步研究国外儿童权益保护的法律法规，结合我国实际，健全未成年人保护制度，建立儿童监护监督干预机制和国家监护服务体系，切实加强对弃婴及未成年人权益的保障。
记者了解到，民政部正在探索建立儿童家庭支持福利制度，对困境儿童实行分类保障，建立新生儿营养补贴、贫困家庭子女津贴、残疾儿童医疗康复和家庭护理补贴、收养残疾儿童津贴等儿童福利制度。通过发放补贴津贴、减免税收等方式，加大政府对困境儿童和家庭的支持扶助力度，预防家庭因无力治疗、照顾病残儿童或因贫困将孩子遗弃。
（编辑：SN098）
2014年02月16日17:24
新华网
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