Media to explain: petroleum coke is not the main cause of smog | smog | petroleum coke | PM2.5_ news

December 2016 began a round of air pollution at the end of long, wide influence, high degree of concentration, low visibility, affecting more than more than 10 provinces and municipalities. Diffuse opened concurrently with the haze, there are all kinds of rumors, do you?

　Rumor: the article said that China imports more than 10 million tons of petroleum coke, the "import spam" causing serious air pollution.

The truth: the so-called "Coke" petrochemical industry using coking technology of vacuum residue and secondary processing oil, heavy oil, high temperature deep processing of the solid residue left behind. Researcher at the Chinese Academy of environmental sciences said Chai Fahe, petroleum coke's contribution to air pollution levels, depending on their sulfur content and the production plant of desulfurization equipment. It is understood that far more than 60% of coal in China's energy consumption structure, China consumed billions of tons of coal, petroleum coke sulphur content of the coal is far below, but use much less than coal petroleum coke. From the current statistics of more than 2 million tons of imports of high-sulfur petroleum coke and sulphur dioxide emissions should be less than 100,000 tonnes, 0.5% per cent of China's total emissions. Unlike the network puts it, particle emissions by 300,000 to 500,000 metric tons of sulfur and heavy metals.

　Rumor II: related article said that natural gas boiler exhaust fumes are in Beijing, "rich in water vapor," the main reason are increasing haze in the air "accomplices".

Truth: the Director of the Beijing environmental protection monitoring Center said Zhang Dawei, natural gas is currently able to use the cleanest of the fossil fuels, in addition to high temperature combustion air in the "nitrogen" oxidation "nitrogen oxides", the remaining emissions are carbon dioxide and water. Currently, Beijing in gas-fired boilers "low NOx combustion transformation", by controlling the combustion temperature, so that the oxide of nitrogen to reduce. Institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher Wang Zifa, said, according to China's current annual water vapor at about 300 million tons of burning natural gas, split the population in China's eastern regions (estimated area of about 3.6 million square kilometers), the thickness of the liquid water even less than 0.1 mm/year, and only one out of 10,000 of the total precipitable water in the atmosphere, had little impact. So, "coal gas" do not significantly increase the humidity in the atmosphere in Beijing, not in Beijing, "rich in water vapor" main source.

　　Rumor III: car exhaust is cleaner than the air 10 times, vehicle contribution to smog is not so great.

The truth: Beijing municipal environmental protection Bureau Director of the Advocacy Center said Ling Yue, PM2.5 is particulate exhaust most contributions to PM2.5 is indirect, exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other substances, which are gases, not reflected in the measurement of PM2.5 in air quality testers. But these gases are not only produced the PM2.5 "raw materials", but also "catalyst".

　　Rumor IV: why so little wind since mid-December in Beijing? Points out that building a large number of wind power plants in Inner Mongolia "stole" go Beijing strong winds, the three-North shelterbelt North wind decay, resulting in haze that cannot be blown.

The truth: wind flow around obstacles can be recovered, local wind power or local shelter does not affect distance downstream of the wind, the fog, haze formation of root cause or because of surface pollutants have met conditions of static stability of the atmosphere. There are no scientific studies show that wind farms or shelterbelts causal relations and the formation of smog. (Xinhua News Agency)

>: Tang Li Weishan

Article keywords:
Haze petroleum coke PM2.5

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媒体解释：石油焦不是雾霾的主要原因|雾霾|石油焦|PM2.5_新闻资讯

　　2016年12月底开始的一轮空气重污染持续时间长、影响范围广、污染浓度程度高、能见度低，影响十余省市。与雾霾同时弥漫开的，还有各种谣言，你中招了吗？

　　谣言一：有文章称，中国每年进口1000多万吨石油焦，这些“进口垃圾”造成了严重的空气污染。

　　真相：所谓“石油焦”，是石化行业利用焦化技术，对减压渣油、二次加工尾油等重质油，进行高温深度加工后留下的固体残渣。中国环境科学院研究员柴发合说，石油焦对空气污染的贡献程度，取决于其硫含量和生产装置的脱硫设备。据了解，煤炭在中国能源消耗结构中远超过60%，中国年消耗煤炭几十亿吨，尽管煤炭含硫量远低于石油焦，但石油焦使用量比起煤炭少很多。从目前统计的200多万吨进口高硫石油焦来看，二氧化硫排放量应不足10万吨，约占中国排放总量的0.5%。不像网络所言，排放30万至50万吨硫磺和重金属颗粒。

　　谣言二：相关文章称，天然气锅炉排烟是造成北京地区“丰富水汽”的主要原因，是加剧灰霾空气的“帮凶”。

　　真相：北京市环保监测中心主任张大伟说，天然气是目前能利用的化石能源中最清洁的，除高温燃烧把空气中的“氮气”氧化出“氮氧化物”外，剩下的排放物是二氧化碳和水。目前，北京市在进行燃气锅炉“低氮燃烧改造”，通过控制燃烧器温度，使氧化的氮尽量减少。中科院大气物理所研究员王自发表示，按照中国当前每年燃烧天然气产生的气态水在3亿吨左右，平摊在中国人口集中的东部地区（估算面积约360万平方公里），液态水的厚度连0.1毫米/年都不到，仅占大气中可降水量的几十万分之一，影响微乎其微。所以说，“煤改气”不会显著增加北京市大气中的湿度，不是北京地区“丰富水汽”主要来源。

　　谣言三：汽车尾气比空气干净10倍，机动车对雾霾的贡献并没有那么大。

　　真相：北京市环保局宣传中心主任凌越说，PM2.5是颗粒物，汽车尾气对PM2.5的大部分贡献是间接产生的，尾气中含有氮氧化物、挥发性有机物（VOCs）等物质，这些都是气体，不会反映在测量PM2.5的空气质量测试仪中。但是这些气体既是产生PM2.5的“原材料”，同时也是“催化剂”。

　　谣言四：为何北京12月中旬以来的风那么少？有文章指出，内蒙古建设了大量风电站“偷”走了北京大风，三北防护林使北方风力衰减，导致雾霾无法被吹散。

　　真相：风碰到障碍物绕流是可以恢复的，局部风力发电或局部防护林不会对距离较远的下游风力造成影响，雾、霾形成的根本原因还是因为地面污染物碰上大气静稳条件。目前没有任何的科学研究显示风电场或防护林与雾霾的形成有因果关系。（新华社）

>责任编辑：李伟山

文章关键词：
雾霾 石油焦 PM2.5

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