First in the world face death: operation caused cancer, live 11-face surgery-IT information
On September 6, France Amiens-Picardie University Medical Center confirmed that successfully underwent the world's first full face transplant patient, France women's yishabeier·dinuwaer due to a long illness, died in April of this year, at the age of 49. From its "face" has over 10 years of operation.
Given her family was reluctant to her death, so this news is only now being released.
Being attacked by dogs badly disfigured "face changing" successfully into the world's first
In May 2005, dinuwaer unfortunately being attacked by dogs, causing serious facial disfigurement. In November of that year, 38, of dinuwaer in Amiens a partial face transplant. Doctor from a brain-dead person required to remove facial transplantation tissue, muscle and vein, which has a new nose, mouth and Chin. Dinuwaer postoperative recovery well, becoming the world's first successful "face changing" surgery patients.
? In May 2005, dinuwaer unfortunately being attacked by dogs, causing serious facial disfigurement.
Amiens-Picardie University medical centers, surgery, dinuwaer encounter with immunosuppressive therapy and rejection of other complications, including viral infections, cancer, renal dysfunction and hypertension. She has appeared twice in the first year after the operation more severe rejection, Nineth year recurrence of chronic rejection, leading to partial arterial obstruction in transplanted region, and immunodeficiency.
This spring, the dinuwaer body of a resection of malignant tumor recurrence last year, is incurable. Because this is a rare type of tumor it is impossible to scientifically determine whether caused by immunosuppression therapy.
The top 36 "face" with 6 people have died
France Amiens-Picardie University Medical Center data show that since November 2005, has been successfully implemented in 36 cases around the world face transplant, in which 6 people have been killed.
These operations have proved, compared with conventional surgical repair surgery, facial transplants help patients with facial function and remodeling effect superior appearance; only through a transplant will be able to gradually recover in patients with voice, swallowing, chewing, and many other functions.
"Face" should be lifelong suppress immune function increase cancer risk
Although in the past 10 years, "face" the operation matures, but patients have lifelong use of immunosuppressive drugs to reduce the body's immune system function, in order to avoid rejection. Amiens-Picardie University Medical Center said that blindly reduced immune function, suffer infection or in patients with increased risk of developing cancer. Meanwhile, immunosuppressive drugs has serious side effects or cause chronic diseases such as diabetes, renal failure, osteoporosis.
The Agency stressed that facial transplantation is still in the assessment phase, a clinical study category, and should not be viewed as conventional treatments.
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世界首位换脸者死亡：手术引发恶性肿瘤，活了11年 - 换脸,手术 - IT资讯
9月6日，法国亚眠-皮卡第大学医疗中心确认，成功接受世界首例面部移植手术的患者、法国女子伊莎贝尔·迪努瓦尔因长期患病，于今年4月去世，享年49岁。当时距其接受“换脸”手术已超过10年。
鉴于她的家人当时不愿公开她的死讯，所以这一消息现在才被公布出来。
被家犬袭击严重毁容“换脸”成功成全球首例
2005年5月，迪努瓦尔不幸被家犬袭击，造成面部严重毁容。当年11月，38岁的迪努瓦尔在亚眠接受局部面部移植手术。医生从一名脑死亡者面部取出移植所需组织、肌肉和动静脉血管，为其换了新的鼻子、嘴和下巴。迪努瓦尔术后恢复顺利，成为全世界第一位成功接受“换脸”手术的患者。
▲2005年5月，迪努瓦尔不幸被家犬袭击，造成面部严重毁容。
亚眠-皮卡第大学医疗中心介绍，手术后，迪努瓦尔遭遇了与免疫抑制治疗和排异反应相关的多种并发症，包括病毒感染、肿瘤、肾功能减退和高血压等。她曾在术后第一年出现过两次较严重的排异反应，第九年再度出现慢性排异反应，导致移植区域发生动脉部分梗阻以及局部机能丧失。
今年春天，迪努瓦尔体内的一颗去年切除的恶性肿瘤复发，无法医治。由于此肿瘤属罕见类型，尚无法从科学角度判断是否由免疫抑制治疗引起。
全球36名“换脸”患者已有6人死亡
法国亚眠-皮卡第大学医疗中心的资料显示，从2005年11月至今，全世界范围已成功实施36例面部移植手术，其中，已有6人死亡。
这些手术证明，与常规外科修复手术相比，面部移植手术帮助患者恢复面部机能和重塑外表的效果更胜一筹；患者只通过一次移植手术就能够逐渐恢复发声、吞咽、咀嚼等多方面的机能。
“换脸”者须终身抑制免疫功能增加罹患肿瘤风险
尽管过去10年“换脸”手术逐步走向成熟，但患者仍必须终身使用免疫抑制剂来降低身体免疫系统功能，以避免出现排异反应。亚眠-皮卡第大学医疗中心表示，一味地降低患者免疫功能，必然增加患者遭受感染或罹患肿瘤的风险。同时，免疫抑制剂本身存在严重副作用，或引发糖尿病、肾衰竭、骨质疏松等慢性疾病。
该机构强调，面部移植技术目前仍处于评估阶段，属临床研究范畴，还不能被视作常规治疗手段。
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