Liabilities exceeding 200 billion yuan of China National University: tuition prices into reality-university tuition fees-IT information

College cost increases. Recently, the Guangdong Province promulgated the notice on adjustment of public college tuition, decided in 2016, the fall semester to raise general public school tuition, a 20.2% increase.

Just for college students and parents, the exam prices seem a bit "unreasonable", but in recent years, rising education costs is an undisputed fact. Not only in Guangdong, Jiangxi province in May this year, also announced a public college tuition adjustment plan, Hunan and Inner Mongolia also held hearings on the standards of college tuition adjustment.

Why university tuition fees rise, it shouldn't rise? Reporters were under investigation.

University tuition fees have to go up

This isn't the first time college tuition prices. In 2012, the national policy on the stability of school fees due, some provinces with the start of school fees adjusted. The fall of 2013, Hunan provides "211" charge schools the fees are in accordance with the highest professional standards, not "211" part of professional fees per academic year in a College is up 700 Yuan to 2000 Yuan. Tianjin held undergraduate tuition hearing, average undergraduate tuition fee per year rise in 1264.

If 20% per cent discount of public colleges and universities in Guangdong Province this year, then, in addition to higher vocational colleges outside of liberal arts or 750 Yuan, all led 1000 Yuan or so.

Fees why "up" the sound? At the Renmin University Professor Cheng Fangping believes that "alcoholism" is one of the reasons. "Many University hardware construction rose quickly, easily has thousands of acres of the campus, but debt problems also emerged. Statistics show a few years ago, our college debt more than 200 billion yuan, now we estimate may be higher. One-time hardware is too large, resulting in some colleges and universities, especially financial problems kept in local universities. ”

Earlier, the Chinese Academy of educational sciences researcher Chu Chaohui said in an interview, the price of college tuition is "imminent", "present University funding comes mainly from the national finance. Sources of funding are very unevenly, some provincial University funding and even get only 2000 RMB, for students, this is far from enough. ”

Daily operation is mainly rely on tuition fees in universities, funded mainly by what? Ministry of Education National Center for education development research fellow Wang Feng said, "University sources generally include tuition, school-run enterprises, four aspects of State funding and donations. For the subordinate colleges or universities, and three sources is adequate, but for universities, and mostly rely on tuition fees and funding. ”

Tuition increases too fast

This year, Guangdong province public university tuition fees rose by more than 20%. Head of China's national development and Reform Commission of Guangdong Province, said tuition adjustment considering the "higher education support and the affordability of the residents, and in Guangdong Province ' Thirteen-Five ' expected increase in per capita disposable income levels as a reference".

Despite the increase in tuition fees through demonstration, but many students and parents still think up some "fast". National statistical offices according to new data released in 2015, per capita disposable income for 21966, which rises in university tuition fees in the provinces, there is little less than 5000 Yuan per school year, many colleges major in medicine, art, more than million per school year.

Chu Chaohui, told reporters: "tuition hikes and rising price levels. Should last for a long time in colleges and universities and its level is very low, for ordinary families, therefore, such a gain is to let them pressure. Now gross more than 40% in our University, which means that almost half of families will face the pressure. ”

Cheng Fangping believes that rising prices and funding for education on the whole is greater than the salary increases at a rate of. "Should carry out its refining, reducing population pressure".

Tuition in where percentage cost of running? This problem is of interest to students and parents.

Cheng Fangping analysis, most of the tuition fee for cost reimbursement. "Class of teachers ' salaries and research funding is one of the big head ". Education Ma Luting, a researcher at the Development Research Centre from the University operating costs analysis, "very complex on college costs, have built teaching building, laboratory (loan) counted as cost? Its maintenance costs, running costs counted as cost? "He said, in a number of key universities, tuition costs accounted for only 3%, while in non-key universities particularly at the local University, tuition fees accounted for a very high proportion of the cost of running, some institutions have almost entirely from fees to survive.

Trying to ease the pressure on students and their parents

Rising tuition costs, what are some ways to relieve pressure on the students and their parents?

Chu Chaohui think plays should start on the reform of College management system, to change the current situation of relying too much on financial allocation in colleges and universities. Secondly, universities around the Agency, staffing support as much as spending, few accounts, wasted on the one hand, on the other hand pushing up costs.

"Public universities should increase the proportion of scholarships, especially the proportion of grants, to extend the benefit to more students. "Chu Chaohui said," despite the difficulties in the operation, but still hopes the State finances to tilt in local universities, allowing them to reduce costs, so that more students will benefit. ”

Ma Luting believes that charging system had better not "one size fits all", "according to Western regions, rural and urban regions such as the Middle East is divided into six standard, or coupled with the domestic economic situation is divided into 12 levels, and also ensure fairness."

Cheng Fangping ideas on the reform of higher education to consider the problem: "such as on the accreditation, if we can learn from foreign experience, local colleges and universities have docking, when choosing a University so that students will have more opportunities, but also allow local colleges to get more funding. ”

"The assessment guidance in colleges and universities should reform, hope to less standard hardware considerations, more attention of teaching reform, I believe that universities will play an exemplary role in cost control. "Cheng Fangping said.

中国全国大学负债超2000亿元：学费涨价成现实 - 大学,学费 - IT资讯

上大学的成本又提高了。近日，广东省公布《关于调整公办普通高校学费的通知》，决定自2016年秋季学期起，上调普通公办学校学费，增幅为20.2%。

对于刚刚经历高考的考生和家长来说，考完试就涨价多少显得有些“不近情理”，但近年来教育培养成本的攀升也是不争的事实。不仅是广东，江西在今年5月份也公布了公办普通高校学费标准调整方案，海南和内蒙古也就高校学费标准调整召开了听证会。

高校学费为何涨，该不该涨？记者就此展开了调查。

高校学费是否不得不涨

这并不是高校学费第一次大幅涨价。2012年，国家关于稳定学校收费标准的政策到期，部分省份随之启动了学校收费标准调整。2013年秋季开始，湖南规定“211”学校所有专业都按照最高学费标准收取，非“211”一本院校部分专业的学费每学年涨了700元到2000元不等。天津则举行了普通高校本科学费标准听证会，平均每位本科生每学年学费上涨1264元。

如果把今年广东公办高校的两成涨幅折现，那么，除了高职院校文科类涨幅750元以外，所有专业涨幅都在1000元左右。

学费为什么“涨”声不断？中国人民大学教育学院教授程方平认为，“积重难返”是其中一个原因。“不少高校在硬件建设方面提升很快，动辄拥有几千亩校园，但债务问题也显现出来。前几年有统计显示，我国高校负债超过2000亿元，现在我们估计可能更高。硬件上一次性投入过大，导致一些高校尤其是地方高校财务问题积重难返。”

早前，中国教育科学研究院研究员储朝晖在接受记者采访时表示，高校学费涨价是“箭在弦上”，“目前高校经费主要来自国家财政。而经费来源非常不均，一些省级高校生均经费甚至只能拿到2000元，对培养学生来说，这远远不够。”

高校日常运行是否主要依靠学费，资金主要来自于哪？教育部国家教育发展研究中心研究员王烽表示：“高校经济来源一般有学费、校办企业、国家财政拨款和社会捐赠四个方面。对于部属院校或重点大学来说，后三方面来源非常充足，而对于普通大学来说，大多依赖学费和财政拨款。”

学费上涨是否过快

今年，广东省公办高校学费涨幅超过20%。广东省中国国家发展改革委员会相关负责人表示，学费调整统筹考虑了“高等教育的支撑力和居民的承受力，并以广东省‘十三五’时期居民人均可支配收入预期增长水平为参照”。

尽管学费上涨经过论证，但不少学生和家长还是认为，涨得有些“快”了。国家统计局最新公布的数据显示，2015年全国居民人均可支配收入为21966元，而目前各省上涨后的高校学费，很少有每学年低于5000元的，不少高校医学类、艺术类专业每学年超过万元。

储朝晖告诉记者：“学费涨价和物价水平上涨相关。应该说过去很长一段时间我国高校收费水平非常低，因此对于普通家庭来说，这样的涨幅还是让他们压力增大。目前我国普通高校毛入学率超过40%，这意味着近一半家庭都将面临这样的压力。”

程方平认为，物价和教育经费上涨的速度总体上来说大于工资涨幅。“应该做好政策的细化，减少居民压力”。

学费都用在什么地方，在办学成本中占多大比例？这也是学生及家长关心的问题。

程方平分析，学费大多用于成本补偿。“教师工资和科研类经费是其中的大头”。教育部教育发展研究中心研究员马陆亭则从高校运行成本上进行分析，“高校成本构成非常复杂，已建好的教学楼、实验室(有贷款)算不算成本？其维持费、运行费算不算成本？”他透露，在一些重点大学，学费在办学成本中只占3%，而在非重点大学尤其是地方大学，学费占办学成本的比例非常高，一些院校几乎全靠学费生存。

想方设法缓解学生和家长的压力

学费上涨，有哪些办法能缓解学生和家长的压力？

储朝晖认为，首先应从高校管理体制改革上做文章，要改变目前高校过度依赖财政拨款的现状。其次，目前高校围绕机构、人员配置的经费支出存在用多少支多少的现象，很少核算，这一方面造成浪费，另一方面推高成本。

“公办高校应增加奖助学金的比例，尤其是助学金的比例，让受益范围扩大到更多学生。”储朝晖说，“尽管在操作上有困难，但还是希望国家财政能往地方高校倾斜，让它们降低成本，使更多学生受惠。”

马陆亭认为，收费制度最好不要“一刀切”，“如果能按照地域比如中东西部地区、城乡分为六个标准，或者再加上家庭经济情况分成十二个等级，更能确保公平”。

程方平从高校办学思路改革上考虑这个问题：“比如在学历认证上，是不是可以借鉴国外经验，让地方普通高校和重点高校之间有对接，这样学生在选择高校时就有更多机会，也能让地方普通高校得到更多经费来源。”

“高校评估的导向也应改革，希望能少一些硬件考量的标准，多一些教学改革的关注，相信对高校办学成本的控制将起到示范作用。”程方平最后说。