Statistics say China's Super 58 million left-behind children and parents rarely together | | | left-behind children town spring _ news

On January 16, the year spring breaks ground. A noticeable increase in pedestrian flow on the station square in major cities, hard work in the city for a year, will be carrying heavy luggage, and on my way home. Home far away on the other side, there's a white-haired parents, numerous appeared in a dream of his wife and children.

Reflected in their Spring Festival travel season in China village common picture: work in the field of mostly old men and women, most of the children by their parents in the countryside ... ... Urbanisation is pursuing it with eager feet, approximately 250 million rural laborers to work, growing rural "three left" (elderly, left-behind women and children left behind).

　"Three left" problem is inherently of population urbanization

For the children left behind, they generally faced "where's MOM and Dad" problem. According to statistics, the number of children left behind in China at more than 58 million, due to low and parents had gathered much, lack of care and love, a lot of left-behind children in the areas of mental health, personality deviations are affected. The elderly and those left behind in the countryside, also vulnerable to spiritual emptiness, no country for old trouble.

Rural Development Institute of Chinese Academy of social sciences researcher Li Guoxiang, said rural "three left" social problems arise, both from a traditional agricultural society to a modern society in transition-related, directly connected with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China. "Due to significant differences of regional development, most of the shift of rural labor force have to be across the region, from far away in the transfer. Rural labor force in the realization of the public is difficult, often young migrant workers alone, cannot be moved to the employment life. Poor conditions of transferring rural labor force going out to work, housing and schooling, and so difficult to resolve, objectively necessary to form rural ' left behind '. ”

Administered by the Department of Agriculture Secretary Hongyu Zhang believed that rural "three left" problems are essentially the urbanization of the population. Central rural work Conference, actively yet prudently promote urbanization, by 2020, to resolve the agricultural population transfers approximately 100 million city residents settled in the town, about 100 million people in urban shanty towns and urban, about 100 million people in the Central and Western regions on urbanization. "Believed that with the achievement of these objectives, the rural ' three remaining ' problem will be solved step by step. The "Hongyu Zhang said.

　Set up a "three-guard" care service system more urgent

Hongyu Zhang, "' three remaining ' the fundamental solution to the problem is the real urbanization of rural labor force transfer and let them become a real urban public, comprehensive solution of peasant household issues such as education, housing, social security, child, let them live and work in the city."

Let more families migrated to the employment of migrant life, absorbing migrants resident population of local governments to provide public services to achieve full coverage, is a long-term process. Kwok Cheung Lee said that at present, strengthening social management of rural areas, establish and improve the rural "three left" care service system, is all the more urgent.

"The rural elderly, left-behind women and children left behind, respectively, have different needs, should mobilize and organize the community, through government support and make the remedy already missing family functions as much as possible. "Lee Kwok Cheung said. Should arouse the enthusiasm of local government, and increase the intensity of higher levels of government transfers, raise the level of public service and social security in the countryside. Where conditions permit, local governments should organize rural "three left" caring service. By perfecting rural social management directly or urge public health, culture and school units in a timely manner to the countryside "three left" groups lack of material services and humane care.

Experts say that perfecting rural "three left" care service system, should not only solve the problems of elderly and left-behind children eat, see a doctor, but also to provide them with services such as recreation, education and training, to enrich their spiritual life.

　Build beautiful villages, people living in rural areas to live and work

"Integrated rural ' three-guard ' problems, and associated with the industrial development. Part of the realization of rural labor force transfer and urbanization at the same time, workers who want to stay in rural areas work in agriculture through the development of modern agriculture, able to lead a decent life, making agriculture the industry look forward to. "Zhang Hongyu said.

Lee Kwok Cheung said, to let residents living in rural areas to live and work, you must implement the harmonious development between urban and rural areas, addressing "sihua synchronization" Agriculture "short legs". By building institutional mechanisms for the integration of urban and rural development, and vigorously promote the construction of new countryside and the beautiful villages, so that farmers can share the fruits of reform and development, elements of urban-rural quid and balanced allocation of public resources, and gradually eliminate the difference between industry and agriculture, urban and rural differences.

"Promoting urbanization, but also strengthen the construction of new countryside, in rural populations to enjoy good living conditions. "Kwok Cheung Lee recommends that all levels of finance to rural education, health, public facilities such as transportation and information networks tilt, rural access to basic public services.

(Original title: "where's MOM and Dad" (policy focus))

January 16, 2014 People's daily online-people's daily
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统计称我国留守儿童超5800万 与父母聚少离多|留守儿童|城镇化|春运_新闻资讯

　　1月16日，2014年春运拉开大幕。各大城市的车站广场上人流明显增多，在城里辛苦务工了一年的人们，将要背着重重的行囊，踏上回家的路。家在遥远的那一边，那里有白发苍苍的父母，梦里无数次出现的妻子和孩子。

　　春运折射出当下中国乡村常见的图景：田野里劳作的多是老人和妇女，孩子们大多被父母留在农村……城镇化的步履匆匆，每年大约有2.5亿农民工进城务工，带来日益严重的农村“三留守”(留守老人、留守妇女和留守儿童)问题。

　　“三留守”问题本质上是人口的城镇化

　　对于留守儿童而言，他们普遍面临着“爸爸妈妈在哪儿”的问题。据统计，我国留守儿童数量在5800万以上，由于和父母聚少离多，缺乏监护和关爱，很多留守儿童在心理健康、性格等方面出现偏差，学习受到影响。而那些留守在农村的老年人，也容易陷入精神空虚、老无所依的困境。

　　中国社科院农村发展研究所研究员李国祥表示，农村“三留守”社会问题的出现，既与我国由传统的农业社会向现代社会转型有关，也与我国工业化和城镇化快速推进直接相关。“由于地区发展差异明显，大部分农村劳动力的转移必须是跨区域的、离土离乡的转移。这些农村劳动力实现市民化相当困难，往往是青壮年劳动力只身外出务工，无法举家到就业地生活。转移农村劳动力外出务工条件差，住房和子女上学等难以解决，客观上必然形成农村‘三留守’问题。”

　　农业部经管司司长张红宇认为，农村“三留守”问题本质上是人口的城镇化。中央农村工作会议提出积极稳妥扎实推进城镇化，到2020年，要解决约1亿进城常住的农业转移人口落户城镇、约1亿人口的城镇棚户区和城中村改造、约1亿人口在中西部地区的城镇化。“相信随着这些目标的实现，农村‘三留守’问题会逐步解决。”张红宇说道。

　　健全“三留守”关爱服务体系更迫切

　　在张红宇看来，“解决‘三留守’问题的根本办法是实现农村劳动力转移的真正城镇化，让他们成为真正的城市市民，统筹解决进城农民户籍、住房、社保、子女教育等问题，让他们在城市里安居乐业”。

　　让更多的农民工能够举家迁移到就业地生活，让吸纳农民工的地方政府提供的公共服务实现常住人口全覆盖，是一个长期过程。李国祥说，当前，加强农村社会管理工作，建立健全农村“三留守”关爱服务体系，显得更加迫切。

　　“农村留守老人、留守妇女和留守儿童，分别有不同的需要，应动员和组织社会力量，通过政府扶持和因势利导，尽可能地弥补已经缺失的家庭功能。”李国祥说。应调动地方政府积极性，加大上级政府转移力度，提高农村公共服务水平和社会保障水平。有条件的地方，基层政府应直接组织农村“三留守”关爱服务。通过健全农村社会管理，直接地或者督促公共医疗卫生、文化和学校等单位及时地向农村“三留守”群体提供缺失的物质生活服务和人文关怀。

　　专家表示，健全农村“三留守”关爱服务体系，不仅要解决留守老人和留守儿童吃饭、看病问题，而且还要为他们提供娱乐文化、教育培训等服务，丰富其精神生活。

　　建美丽乡村，让生活在农村的居民安居乐业

　　“统筹解决农村‘三留守’问题，还要和产业发展联系在一起。在让一部分农村劳动力实现转移和市民化的同时，也要让留在农村从事农业的劳动者通过现代农业的发展，也能够过上体面的生活，让农业成为有奔头的产业。”张红宇说。

　　李国祥则表示，要让生活在农村的居民安居乐业，必须实现城乡区域协调发展，解决“四化同步”中农业“短腿”问题。通过构建城乡发展一体化体制机制，大力推进新农村建设和美丽乡村建设，让农民也能够共同分享到改革与发展的成果，实现城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置，逐步消除工农差别、城乡差别。

　　“既要推进城镇化，也要加强新农村建设，让留在农村的人口也能享受到良好的生活条件。”李国祥建议各级财政应向农村教育、卫生、交通、信息网络等公共设施倾斜，使农村也能享受基本公共服务。

(原标题：“爸爸妈妈在哪儿”(政策聚焦))

2014年01月16日03:40
人民网-人民日报
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